Adipose tissue is a new source for obtaining stem cells. It is thought that stem cells obtained from adipose tissue will open a new era in the field of reparative medicine. The ease of obtaining fat tissue and the fact that it does not cause significant injury to the patient is an important advantage. Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent cells, that is, they have the ability to transform into more than one type of tissue, they have the potential to transform into cartilage, bone, fatty tissue, skin, heart muscle, vascular internal structure tissue, nervous tissue, and beta-cells of the pancreas (related to diabetes). Depending on these, Stem cells obtained from fat tissue are used in soft tissue repair, skeletal system (joint diseases - intervertebral disc) repair, and treatment of multiple sclerosis, Crohn's diseases and diabetes. Stem cell treatments can be used for restorative purposes in the treatment of bad scarring and ischemic heart disease.
Fat tissue transfer with stem cells provides success by increasing the vitality of fat tissue in breast reconstruction after cancer surgery, breast augmentation, facial fat injections and soft tissue repairs. It is effective in repairing bad scars by secreting anti-fibrosis cytokines and reducing collagen type 1.
In older ages, limitation of movement and joint and back pain are common due to inflammation, degeneration and osteoarthritis of the musculoskeletal system. Cellular treatment of damaged bone or cartilage tissue is critical. Mesenchymal stem cells affect the chondrocyte cells in the cartilage tissue and provide repair.
Use of Stem Cells in Fat Tissue Injection
Fat tissue transfer has been used for various purposes in recent years. Its use is increasing, especially in plastic surgery, and sometimes even replaces prosthesis surgeries. It is widely used for facial filling and facial rejuvenation, for breast lift and enlargement, for butt shaping and enlargement, for lower leg thickening, to correct collapse and deformities resulting from accidents, and to reduce scars.
The biggest disadvantage of fat tissue injection is that most of the transferred fat cells cannot survive in the new area, that is, they lose their vitality and only a small amount remains.
As it is known, Mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to turn into fat cells. The transfer of the obtained stem cells together with the fat tissue stimulates the fat tissue cells to grow and multiply, and at the same time, they turn into fat cells instead of the damaged and deteriorated fat cells. With this behavior, the purpose of filling, enlarging or lifting the fat tissue is achieved by permanently obtaining more volume in the injected area.
Similarly, injection of mesenchymal stem cells into joints with cartilage and bone damage encourages cartilage and bone cells in these areas to proliferate, and stem cells can also transform into relevant cells. These newly formed tissue cells repair damage to cartilage and bone.
